COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS ACROSS BIOPHARMACEUTICS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM CLASSES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65327/hsn.v12i2.2487Keywords:
Biopharmaceutics Classification System, Physicochemical Properties, Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, LipophilicityAbstract
This study comparatively evaluated the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of pharmaceutical drugs across Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Classes I–IV. A secondary cross-sectional analytical approach was used, and drugs with unambiguous BCS classifications were compared using descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Spearman correlation analysis. Among 799 classified drugs, Class II represented the largest group, followed by Classes III, I, and IV. Significant differences were identified among BCS classes for molecular weight, Log P, bioavailability, and plasma protein binding. Class II compounds demonstrated the highest median Log P, whereas Class IV compounds showed the highest median molecular weight and the lowest median bioavailability. No statistically significant class-wise differences were observed for melting point, elimination half-life, or Tmax. Molecular weight and Log P exhibited a moderate positive correlation, indicating that compounds with greater molecular weight tended to display higher lipophilicity. Overall, the findings demonstrate that BCS classes differ not only in their conventional solubility and permeability characteristics but also in several broader physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Integrating these parameters can improve pharmaceutical characterization, support formulation development, and provide a more comprehensive understanding of drug disposition across BCS categories.
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